[2026年04月]更新の010-160日本語試験問題集、無料サンプル365日更新 [Q43-Q61]

Explanation
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The
/usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
* /etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
* /var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
* /doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
* /usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
References:
* Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
* Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux
* Filesystem Hierarchy Standard – Wikipedia
* Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation …

Explanation
The correct command to change the ownership of the file doku.odt to a new owner named tux is chown tux doku.odt. This command uses the chown command, which stands for change owner, followed by the name of the new owner and the name of the file as arguments. The chown command allows you to change the user and/or group ownership of a given file, directory, or symbolic link12. The other options are incorrect because they use different commands or syntax that do not change the ownership of the file. For example:
* Option A uses the chmod command, which stands for change mode, and is used to change the permissions of files and directories, not the ownership3.
* Option B uses the newuser command, which is used to create a new user account, not to change the ownership of a file4.
* Option D uses the transfer command, which is not a valid Linux command.
* Option E uses the passwd command, which is used to change the password of a user account, not the ownership of a file5.
References: 1: Chown Command in Linux (File Ownership) | Linuxize 2: chown command in Linux with Examples – GeeksforGeeks 3: Chmod Command in Linux (File Permissions) | Linuxize 4: newusers(8) – Linux man page 5: passwd(1) – Linux man page

A free software license is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and redistribute that software. These actions are usually prohibited by copyright law, but the rights-holder (usually the author) of a piece of software can remove these restrictions by accompanying the software with a software license which grants the recipient these rights. Software using such a license is free software (or free and open-source software) as conferred by the copyright holder. Free software licenses grant users the freedom to use it for any purpose, study and change the source code and copy and redistribute the software with or without modifications. Free software must come with source code or provide access to it, while the freedom to redistribute includes the right to give away copies gratis as well as sell copies1 Reference: 1: Free-software license – Wikipedia

Explanation
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. There are different types of buses that serve different purposes. The RAM bus connects the CPU with the main memory, the NUMA bus connects multiple processors in a multiprocessor system, the CPU bus connects the CPU with other components on the motherboard, and the Auto bus is a fictional bus that can transform into a robot. The SATA bus is the correct answer because it is a type of bus that can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment and it is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical drives.
SATA offers faster data transfer rates, lower power consumption, and improved cable management compared to older interfaces such as IDE and SCSI. References: : [Bus (computing)] : [Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)] : [Serial ATA]3) : [SATA vs. IDE: What’s the Difference?]

Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a special variable that contains a list of directories that the system searches when looking for a command to execute12. The purpose of the PATH variable is to make it easier and faster for users to run commands without having to type the full path to the executable file. For example, if you want to run the ls command, which is located in the /bin directory, you don’t have to type /bin/ls every time. You can just type ls, and the system will find the executable file in the /bin directory, which is one of the directories in the PATH variable. The PATH variable can be viewed with the echo command12:
$ echo $PATH
The PATH variable can also be modified by adding or removing directories, either temporarily or permanently, depending on the user’s needs12. For example, if you have acustom script or program in your home directory, and you want to run it from anywhere, you can add your home directory to the PATH variable with the export command12:
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/myprogram
This will append your home directory to the end of the PATH variable, and the system will search it last when looking for a command. To make this change permanent, you need to edit a configuration file, such as
~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and add the export command there12.
References:
* How To View and Update the Linux PATH Environment Variable | DigitalOcean
* Linux path environment variable – Linux command line – LinuxConfig.org

Explanation
The shell script uses a for loop to iterate over the files that match the pattern *.txt in the current directory. The pattern *.txt means any file name that ends with .txt, regardless of the case. The loop body simply prints the value of the variable file, which holds the name of the current file in each iteration. Therefore, the output of the shell script would be the names of the files that end with .txt, one per line. In this case, the files are A.txt and b.txt, so the output would be:
a.txt b.txt
This corresponds to option E. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
* Option A: *.txt is not the output of the shell script, but the pattern that the loop uses to match the files.
The shell expands the pattern to the actual file names before executing the loop.
* Option B: a and b are not the names of the files, but the first characters of the file names. The loop prints the whole file name, including the extension.
* Option C: c.cav is not a file that matches the pattern *.txt, because it has a different extension. The loop ignores files that do not end with .txt.
* Option D: A.txt is only one of the files that matches the pattern *.txt, but not the only one. The loop prints both A.txt and b.txt.
References: 1: 9 Examples of for Loops in Linux Bash Scripts – How-To Geek 2 3: Looping Statements | Shell Script – GeeksforGeeks 1 4: shell – Loop through all the files with .txt extension in bash – Stack Overflow 5

Explanation
The tar command is used to create or extract compressed archive files that contain multiple files or directories.
The tar command has the following syntax: tar [options] [archive-file] [file or directory…]. The options argument specifies how the tar command should operate and what kind of compression should be used. The archive-file argument is the name of the archive file to be created or extracted. The file or directory argument is the name of one or more files or directories to be included in or extracted from the archive file.
The following are some of the common options for the tar command:
* -c: create a new archive file.
* -x: extract files from an existing archive file.
* -t: list the contents of an archive file.
* -v: show the progress of the operation.
* -f: specify the name of the archive file.
* -z: use gzip compression or decompression.
* -j: use bzip2 compression or decompression.
* -J: use xz compression or decompression.
The options -z and -j are used to handle compression with the tar command. The option -z uses the gzip program to compress or decompress the archive file, which usually has the extension .tar.gz or .tgz. The option
-j uses the bzip2 program to compress or decompress the archive file, which usually has the extension .tar.bz2 or .tbz. Both gzip and bzip2 are popular compression programs that reduce the size of files by removing redundant or unnecessary information.
For example, to create a compressed archive file called backup.tar.gz that contains the files and directories in the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz .
To extract the files and directories from the archive file backup.tar.gz to the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz
To create a compressed archive file called backup.tar.bz2 that contains the files and directories in the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -cjvf backup.tar.bz2 .
To extract the files and directories from the archive file backup.tar.bz2 to the current directory, the following command can be used:
tar -xjvf backup.tar.bz2
The other options in the question are not related to compression. The option -bz is invalid, as there is no such option for the tar command. The option -g is used to create or update an incremental archive file, which only contains the files that have changed since the last backup. The option -z2 is also invalid, as there is no such option for the tar command. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 3.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line1
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual – Chapter 9. The Power of the Command Line – 9.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line – 9.1.1. The tar Command2
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual – Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises – Chapter 9. The Power of the Command Line – 9.1. Archiving Files on the Command Line – Exercise 9.1.12

The useradd command in Linux is used to create new user accounts on the system1. The -m option tells the command to create the user’s home directory as /home/username and copy the files from /etc/skel directory to the user’s home directory2. The /etc/skel directory contains the default configuration files for new users3. Therefore, the command useradd -m tux will add the new user tux and create the user’s home directory with default configuration files. The other options are either invalid or do not create the user’s home directory. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16 Linux useradd Command Tutorial for Beginners (15 Examples)

A vector graphics editor is a software program that allows users to create and edit vector graphics, which are images composed of mathematical curves and shapes. Vector graphics are scalable, meaning they can be resized without losing quality or clarity. Python, NGINX, Samba, and MySQL are not vector graphics editors, but rather other types of software. Python is a programming language, NGINX is a web server, Samba is a file and print server, and MySQL is a database management system. Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics editor that supports the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format, as well as other formats. Inkscape can be used to create logos, icons, diagrams, illustrations, and other graphics. Inkscape is one of the applications covered in the Linux Essentials certification program from the Linux Professional Institute (LPI). Reference:
Linux Essentials – Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
Draw Freely | Inkscape

The correct command to copy the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory is cp *.txt /tmp/. This command uses the wildcard character * to match any number of characters before the .txt extension. Therefore, it will copy both texts 1.txt and texts 2.txt to the destination directory /tmp/. The other options are incorrect because they use different wildcard characters or syntax that do not match the desired files. For example, option A uses ?? to match exactly two characters before the .txt extension, but the files have a space and a number, which are not considered as one character. Option C uses a backslash \ to escape the dot . before the .txt extension, but this is unnecessary and will cause the command to fail. Option D uses ? to match exactly one character before the .txt extension, but the files have more than one character. Option E uses $? to match the exit status of the previous command before the .txt extension, but this is not relevant and will cause the command to fail123 Reference: 1: Linux wildcards | How do wildcards work in Linux with examples? – EDUCBA 2: Wildcards in Linux explained with 10 examples | FOSS Linux 3: What are wildcard characters in Linux? – Sage-Answers

Explanation
The dmesg command is used to display the messages from the kernel that are stored in a ring buffer. A ring buffer is a fixed-size data structure that overwrites the oldest entries when it is full. Therefore, the dmesg command might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information. The dmesg command is useful for troubleshooting system issues and checking hardware information. The dmesg command is not used to trace the execution of a command, send messages to user sessions, or output the system journal. Those functions are performed by other commands such as strace, write, and journalctl respectively. References: : [dmesg] : [Ring buffer] : [strace] : [write (Unix)] : [journalctl]4)

Explanation
The top command is a Linux command that shows the running processes on the system. It provides a dynamic real-time view of the system performance and resource usage. The top command can display various information about the processes, such as their process ID, user, priority, state, CPU and memory usage, command name, and more. The top command can also sort the processes by different criteria, such as CPU or RAM consumption, by using the interactive commands. The top command is useful for monitoring the system load and identifying the processes that are consuming the most resources. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.3: Basic features and commands of the Linux standard shells.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.4: Monitor and manage Linux processes.